Deliberation plays an important role in a number of political institutions and is also an increasingly common way
that citizens participate in politics. This chapter divides political psychology research on small-group deliberation
into three clusters of variables: the context in which deliberation takes place, the process by which deliberation
proceeds, and the outcomes that deliberation produces. The existing literature shows that deliberation can have
meaningful effects on important outcome variables like policy attitudes, citizen knowledge, and subsequent political
engagement. However, research on how the context and process of deliberation produce these outcomes is still in
its infancy. This chapter argues that as the political psychology literature on deliberation matures, it must pay more
attention to process and context questions, in large part because the normative value of deliberation depends less
on what the outcomes of deliberation are than on how those outcomes are produced.